Why rediscover?

Publish Date : August, 2024

Some years ago, as a consultant editor for a prominent publication, I reviewed a submitted paper that purported to discuss and remedy problems in the disciplinary history of psychoanalysis. The author correctly identified the hazards of an education in which every psychoanalyst‑in‑formation must undergo a full course of personal treatment with a senior psychoanalyst. The trainee’s unresolved attachments to the psychoanalyst hamper his or her subsequent career as a free‑thinking psychoanalyst. Indeed, the history of psychoanalysis has innumerable examples ― major and minor ― of psychoanalysts whose work seems to be influenced by ongoing processes either of identification with their ‘training analyst’ or of a rebellious counter‑ or dis‑identification with this figure. The author of the paper I reviewed had a snappy solution ― relinquish the requirement that trainees must undergo a personal course of psychoanalysis as central to their formation as a psychoanalyst, and let psychoanalysts learn from books. The ‘solution’ presages the end of psychoanalysis as such. So, I rejected the submission. Clearly, the author had not a clue about the distinctive features of this precious discipline of emancipation.

Psychoanalysis cannot be learnt from books. True, one cannot become a psychoanalyst without an immense dedication to studying the discipline’s literatures. However, the skills necessary to become a practitioner require years and years of personal experience as a patient and then as a practitioner who, in a profound way, remains a patient even if s/he has long since terminated personal treatment with a ‘training analyst.’ To become a psychoanalyst requires a lifelong immersion in one’s journey of speaking and listening free‑associatively.

Moreover, when it comes to study, psychoanalysis is entirely unlike any other discipline. To become a competent electrical engineer, one does not have to read Michael Faraday. To become a brilliant astrophysicist, one does not have to engage with the works of Angelo Secchi. One can become a topnotch philatelist without every hearing of the pioneering life of Jean‑Baptiste Moens.

But with psychoanalysis, one has to be foremost a patient and one has to engage with Sigmund Freud. This truism is resisted by many contemporary training programs in so‑called ‘psychoanalysis.’ Some training institutes suggest that you can read Charles Brenner et alia and skip Freud, read John Steiner et alia and skip Freud, read Stephen Mitchel et alia and skip Freud, read Jacques‑Alain Miller et alia and skip Freud…and so on. Study any number of introductory or secondary texts and one will be adequately equipped for practice. The misleading delusionality of such suggestions is based on the myth that psychoanalysis manifests a linear path of progress in the manner that most other disciplines indeed appear to do. But it does not.

In no other discipline does one have to return to the roots, and indeed to wrestle with them intellectually, emotionally and spiritually. But in psychoanalysis one must; not least because a progressive understanding of unconscious mental life and its sexuality does not characterize the course of the discipline of ‘psychoanalysis’ from its inception in the years between 1895 and 1915, until today.

Psychoanalysis ― as an authentic journey of truthfulness and liberation ― must be rediscovered by each generation and each individual psychoanalyst-in‑formation. Wise psychoanalysts of the late 20th Century ― André Green and Jean Laplanche, for example ― have said as much. And before them, other writers who truly grasped this discipline have articulated a similar opinion.

And it is to the process of rediscovering psychoanalysis that this website is dedicated … very much following the thesis of the Rediscovering Psychoanalysis trilogy. Herein we explore, what does it mean to rediscover psychoanalysis?

Barnaby B. Barratt
Johannesburg and Cape Town

Free-associative discourse opens the patient’s discourse to what is otherwise than that which can be translated into a text.

Radical Psychoanalysis

Psychic reality is necessarily defined in terms of the particular person’s psychological processes; it comprises ‘all that is real for the subject.’ It is an interiority of persona experiences and understandings, a ‘Innenwelt’ as Freud sometimes called it.

Psychic Reality and Psychoanalytic Knowing

Consciousness is always falsified and falsifying … Not in the sense that some other configuration of consciousness might be ‘true’ but in the sense that consciousness by its productivity always occludes to itself that it excludes ― forecloses or ‘builds over’ ― something else that is ‘in but not of’ its own constitution as consciousness.

Psychoanalysis and the Postmodern Impulse

If we listen to free-associative discourse, we discover the repressed unconscious, and moreover the repressive (and suppressive) functioning of consciousness is only elucidated by listening to the sequential flow of its own free-associations, which Freud also called the train of ‘chaining of thought.’

What is Psychoanalysis?

The [deceptive] self-certainty of the reflective ‘I’ of self-consciousness is ‘attacked’ by the discourse of free-association. The subject can only come to understand its own constitution and momentum by allowing itself to fall into ― Freud’s notion of freier Einfall ― the flow that indicates the inherency of its own perceptual deferral or displacement from itself.

Beyond Psychotherapy

These considerations [about the essential role of the psychoanalyst] enable us to appreciate how self-analysis is ultimately impossible, and why the [absenting-] presence of an interlocutor ― indeed, the special presence of the psychoanalyst’s participation in this asymmetrical or lopsided ‘dialogical monologue’ ― is fundamentally necessary to the initiation and maintenance of a genuinely psychoanalytic process.

Radical Psychoanalysis

Free-associative discourse epitomizes the promise of the postmodern era; methodically deconstructive yet strangely curative, it promises and an emancipatory mobilization of the transmutative subject-as-process and of its truthfulness-as-process. Such discourse moves ‘through and against’ all identitarianism ― the Hellenic harmony of unification, the Hebraic separation and difference bound by rationality and obligation to ‘law, and the Christic-Islamic fulfillment or reconciliation in the hopeful image of ultimate salvation.

Psychoanalysis and the Postmodern Impulse

What free-associative discourse exhibits goes beyond the procedures by which representations may be combined and permutated in all sorts of metaphorically and metonymically novel formations. Rather, as I have indicated, such discourse opens the speaking subject to the fluxes, flows, fluidities, vibrations, and undulations of desire and this exhibits an alternative dimension of the subject’s being-in-the-world in a way that is perpetually enigmatic and extraordinary.

What is Psychoanalysis?

The fear of free-associative discourse is due to the way in which it relinquishes ‘making-sense’ and facilitates a special sort of listening to the enigmatic messaging of our embodied experience. This messaging presents itself as the incessant motion and commotion of erotic energies within us, and perhaps also around us ― that is a semiotic field we sense only as being chaotically ‘guided’ by inchoate and enigmatic pathways of pleasure (Lust) and unpleasure (Unlust).

Beyond Psychotherapy

Psychoanalytic treatment, as the arc of free-associative discourse, is undoubtedly an existential journey, honouring awareness, presence, and freedom by re-aligning the subject with the erotic ethicality of our embodiment.

What is Psychoanalysis?

The psychoanalyst and patient are in a flesh-and-blood encounter, a libidinally alive and highly charged relationship that is comprehensible to neither of them. Yet it is solely the psychoanalyst who has to take ethical responsibility for the way in which the strange occurrences experienced by the patient are to be addressed. This responsibility is implemented by the psychoanalyst’s facilitation of the patient’s free-associative journey.

Radical Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis seeks the momentum of its process in logical and rhetorical cacorhythms, misprisions, and discrepancies, in the pursuit of an ‘excess’ [of meaningfulness] that is alienated or estranged within, of an ‘essence’ that is nonessentially essential.

Psychoanalysis and the Postmodern Impulse

One very remarkable feature of Freud’s assertion that free-association is required for psychoanalysis to occur is that he continued to insist upon this fundamental point even after 1914, when the focus of his labours was on the construction of theoretical edifices ― conceptual systematizations ― by which psychotherapeutic procedures [as contrasted with psychoanalytic processes] may be governed.

Beyond Psychotherapy

An understanding of the world is conditioned by the inner order and disorder of the one who understands.

Psychic Reality and Psychoanalytic Knowing

…the very momentum of free-associative discourse ensures an articulation of the desire of embodied experience, which ― although never completed ― ensures the liveliness of the subject’s life, through the embrace of its castratedness and deathfulness.

What is Psychoanalysis?

[The commitment of free-associative speaking and listening] is the key to psychoanalytic healing, to its truthfulness and to the significance of asserting that freeing the subject from suffering is the unique aim of psychoanalysis and that such freeing involves a shifting of the subject of self-consciousness from the stases of alienation into the mobilization of estrangement.

Radical Psychoanalysis

Consciousness can never master its ‘dynamic unconscious’ but steadfastly believes that it might master ‘all that is the case.’

Psychoanalysis and the Postmodern Impulse

A major misunderstanding is the assumption that the sole purpose of free-associative speaking is as a ‘data-gathering’ means toward an interpretive end.

Beyond Psychotherapy

Free-associative discourse enables us ― compels us ― to reconsider the fundaments of time, consciousness, and sexuality, including our assumptions about the nature of repetition, about the locus of our pleasure, and about the ‘sexual body’ in relation to stasis.

Psychoanalysis and the Postmodern Impulse

The emphasis of radical psychoanalysis is that its praxis is not about arriving at substantive interpretations about psychic life. Rather it is about re-animating psychic life free-associatively, freeing its truthfulness from repetition-compulsivity by listening anew to the energies of desire.

Beyond Psychotherapy

Psychoanalytic negativity as a discourse that reflects upon and interrogates the ideology of false-consciousness, requires us to reorient radically our thinking and conduct with respect to the fundamental questions of reality, subject, and science.

Psychic Reality and Psychoanalytic Knowing

Free-associative speaking must be understood as involving a special mode of receptivity that I call ‘free-associative’ listening.

Beyond Psychotherapy

To have genuine insight into Freud’s revolutionary discovery, which is the significance of free-associative method, one must enter psychoanalytic discourse. The essence of such access is to surrender to become a patient whose commitment is to think and speak aloud whatever ‘comes to mind,’ whose fate is invariably and necessarily to resist this mandate…

Radical Psychoanalysis

The very ‘absenting-presence’ of the psychoanalyst unsettles the hegemony of the narratological-imperative … and secures the passage of free-associative speaking…

Beyond Psychotherapy

Only free-associative discourse can transport the subject along the pathway of this liberatory directionality [that dislodges the repetition compulsivity of the ‘I’], but surrendering to the freedom that this discourse offers places our egotism at risk. It is a matter of personal risk, of daring.

What is Psychoanalysis?